How to Clean Up and Care for Your Asparagus Beds

It might not be fun to clean up your asparagus bed (or beds) in late fall or early spring, but it is important for the health of your asparagus plants. This is especially true for those of us who are into organic gardening!

A pile of dead asparagus ferns beside new asparagus pushing through garden soil.

Asparagus is one of those delightful vegetables that appear in early spring, signifying the start of a new growing season. Around here, new spears are very welcome and we always put fresh asparagus to good use in the kitchen.

Harvesting isn't hard but it does take effort, and you have to check your asparagus patch every day in the height of the season.

Work doesn't end with the close of harvest season. Asparagus is a perennial, so it returns again and again. While maintenance isn't high, this vegetable needs more attention than other perennial plants (like rhubarb or horseradish).

Proper cleanup after asparagus ferns have died in the fall is crucial when you practice organic gardening techniques. And a few inches of compost will ensure the deeply buried roots have nourishment they need to remain healthy.

3 Basic Needs of Asparagus

Taking care of asparagus isn't complicated. Most garden perennials are quite forgiving, but asparagus takes a bit more effort.

Here are the 3 basic needs of asparagus.

Keep the bed free of annual weeds and perennial weeds alike; asparagus doesn't like competition.
As a heavy feeder, asparagus needs organic matter added to the garden bed every 1-2 years.
Asparagus ferns die in the fall and should be removed, or you'll run the risk of getting disease or pests that will hinder next year's crop.

Best Tools for Cleanup & Care

pruning shears
wheelbarrow
pitchfork for loosening soil
organic composted matter
organic straw bales (for mulch)

How to Clean Up and Care for Asparagus Garden Beds

You can clean up and feed your asparagus beds in late fall or early spring.

I think the best time is late fall, so the beds are ready for new growth the following spring. Otherwise, the first asparagus spears of the year will likely catch you by surprise (I speak from experience here!).

If you do miss fall cleanup, you can deal with your asparagus beds in late winter or first thing in the spring. For best results, you'll want to tackle this job as soon as the ground has thawed.

Step 1-Remove Dead Asparagus Ferns

It doesn't matter if you have a young asparagus patch or a mature bed. Dead foliage should be removed before new spears appear. Ideally, this would be done at the end of the harvest season, after asparagus ferns turn yellow and die back.

You can use pruning shears to cut the old stalks off at ground level. Pile them in a wheel barrow, and haul them far away from your patch!

Cutting back dead asparagus ferns with pruning shears in early spring.

If you suspect pests or saw any sign of disease in your asparagus beds, go ahead and burn the dried fern stalks.

Step 2-Weed Your Asparagus Rows

Asparagus doesn't like competing for nutrients, so weed management is important. Mulch helps immensely, but there are always a few weeds that manage to push through. You'll want to pull these invaders before adding organic matter to your beds.

Most home gardeners find that hand removal is best, because it leaves asparagus roots undisturbed. You can use a pitchfork or broadfork to gently loosen the soil in your bed, so it's easy to pull out perennial weeds and self-seeding annuals.

A freshly weeded asparagus bed in the spring, with the tips of new asparagus spears peeking through the soil.

Step 3-Add Organic Matter or Compost

Once your asparagus bed is free of quack grass, dandelions or whatever weed you struggled with last year, it's time to feed your asparagus!

It doesn't matter if your plants are in their first year, second year or third. Add about 2 inches of organic fertilizer or composted animal manure to the soil surface of your garden bed.

Spread it evenly with a rake, and you're done! The rest of the year these nutrients will trickle down through the soil and feed the deeply buried roots of asparagus.

Practical note: because I use mulch that breaks down and feeds the soil, I only add composted matter to my asparagus beds every other year.

Step 4-Mulch the Entire Asparagus Bed

I'm a HUGE fan of using mulch in the vegetable garden! It doesn't matter if you have a raised bed, or a traditional garden. It's good for annual and perennial vegetables alike.

Asparagus is a perennial crop that will definitely benefit from mulch.

Here are 4 key ways mulch improves the quality of your soil and the vitality of your vegetables.

Mulch keeps weed seeds from germinating by blocking sunlight that is necessary for seed growth.
A natural covering (like straw or wood chips) gives good soil microbes opportunity to grow and thrive.
Soil covering helps maintain even moisture levels in the dirt underneath.
Organic mulch will break down over the course of a year, and become plant food.

Some folks like to use a cover crops, while others like to mulch asparagus with wood chips. But I'm a fan of straw. It's easy to access and does a beautiful job.

Green and purple asparagus spears pushing up through straw mulch

Here's how it works.

Find and purchase some organic straw.
Cut bales open and shake the flakes above your asparagus rows, so straw falls in individual pieces (not a mat or flake).
Add 3-4 inches of loose straw to your asparagus beds.
Leave the garden beds alone until the following year, when fresh asparagus appear.

Asparagus is tough, and won't have any problem growing up through your straw mulch when growing season comes.

I you don't get to cleaning, weeding and mulching your beds in the fall, you can certainly do it in the spring. Asparagus spears that are a few inches tall won't be hurt by an additional covering of compost, or a layer of straw mulch!